Kadesh appeared in 3 different forms in the Bible. While most of us have heard of Kadesh Barnea since that location was where Moses sent the spies into Canaan during the Exodus from Egypt (the lower yellow elipse on the map), there was also a town named Kadesh that was found a fair distance to the north (the yellow circle). Both were only mentioned in the Old Testament. Kadesh Barnea existed in the Sinai peninsula (as part of the country of Egypt) while Kadesh was near the modern Lebanon–Syria border along the Orontes River. Psalms 29:8 seems to be the only reference to the northern town since it also mentioned Lebanon in verse 5.
According to Genesis 14:7, Kadesh(-Barnea) apparently was known as En Mishpat when Abram battled with 4 kings where most if not all of them were from Mesopotamia. Two other references to Kadesh appeared in Genesis, both during Abram/Abraham's lifetime - Genesis 16:14 and 20:1. Due to what we know about other events in Aram/Abaham's life, it's fairly certain those references were for Kadesh Barnea since it was within the region known as Canaan rather than the other town named Kadesh.
Several other occurrences in the Bible to Kadesh that clearly refer to Kadesh Barnea due to the corresponding events of the Exodus:
Because Moses disobeyed God's instructions by striking the rock to get water, Kadesh Barnea also was referred to as Meribah Kadesh in Deuteronomy 32:51, Numbers '27:14 and Ezekiel 47:19 & 48:28.
The above Britannica link and pages 57-59 of the Holman Bible Atlas (ISBN 978-0-8054-0760-1) spoke of Kadesh on the Orontes River.
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Deuteronomy 1:2,19 - Moses and the Israelites advenced from Kadesh Barnea after the surveying Canaan:
2. (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb to Kadesh Barnea by the Mount Seir road.)
...
19. Then, as the LORD our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of the Amorites through all that vast and dreadful desert that you have seen, and so we reached Kadesh Barnea.
Deuteronomy 2:14 - Joshua and Caleb (son of Jephunneh) were the only 2 allowed by God to see Canaan:
14. Thirty-eight years passed from the time we left Kadesh Barnea until we crossed the Zered Valley. By then, that entire generation of fighting men had perished from the camp, as the LORD had sworn to them.
Deuteronomy 9:23 - after the Israelites made the golden calf (a graven image/idol) befor eMoses returned from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments:
23. And when the LORD sent you out from Kadesh Barnea, he said, "Go up and take possession of the land I have given you." But you rebelled against the command of the LORD your God. You did not trust him or obey him.
Numbers 32:8 and 34:4 also made statements about Kadesh Barnea.
Joshua 10:41 - Joshua's successful campaign in Canaan:
41. Joshua subdued them from Kadesh Barnea to Gaza and from the whole region of Goshen to Gibeon.
Joshua 14:6-8 - Joshua gave Caleb the town of Hebron:
6. Now the men of Judah approached Joshua at Gilgal, and Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, "You know what the LORD said to Moses the man of God at Kadesh Barnea about you and me.
7. I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me from Kadesh Barnea to explore the land. And I brought him back a report according to my convictions,
8. but my brothers who went up with me made the hearts of the people melt with fear. I, however, followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly.
Joshua 15:1-3 - allotment for the tribe of Judah in Canaan:
1. The allotment for the tribe of Judah, clan by clan, extended down to the territory of Edom, to the Desert of Zin in the extreme south.
2. Their southern boundary started from the bay at the southern end of the Salt Sea,
3. crossed south of Scorpion Pass, continued on to Zin and went over to the south of Kadesh Barnea. Then it ran past Hezron up to Addar and curved around to Karka.
